Description

Product Description

AHK (Alanine–Histidine–Lysine) is a short, naturally occurring tripeptide that has become a prominent molecule in cosmetic and dermatological research. This compound exhibits strong antioxidant capacity by scavenging free radicals, protecting cellular membranes, and enhancing enzymatic defense systems such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. It is commonly studied as a component of copper-binding complexes (notably GHK-Cu analogs) for their capacity to restore skin elasticity, promote collagen deposition, and stimulate fibroblast proliferation.

In scientific investigations, AHK demonstrates a multifaceted mechanism that links oxidative stress modulation with hair-follicle activation and skin repair. The peptide’s histidine residue contributes to metal-ion chelation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation, while lysine supports structural protein cross-linking within extracellular matrix networks. Together with alanine, these residues provide a stable molecular scaffold capable of influencing cellular communication and growth-factor responsiveness.

1. Antioxidant Function and Cellular Protection

AHK acts as a redox modulator that helps maintain intracellular balance under oxidative stress. Laboratory studies show that AHK reduces lipid peroxidation, stabilizes mitochondrial potential, and enhances ATP synthesis in keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. Its antioxidant effects extend to protecting DNA and cell-membrane phospholipids from oxidative fragmentation. By neutralizing ROS, AHK contributes to lowering inflammation and preventing premature cellular senescence, making it an ideal research candidate for anti-aging and rejuvenation models.

2. Hair-Follicle Activation and Growth Signaling

In follicular biology research, AHK has been demonstrated to promote hair-follicle cell proliferation and extend the anagen (growth) phase of the hair cycle. The peptide increases dermal papilla cell viability and upregulates growth factors such as VEGF and IGF-1. Additionally, AHK down-modulates pro-inflammatory cytokines that trigger follicular miniaturization. This dual modulation—stimulating anabolic pathways while suppressing catabolic inflammation—positions AHK as a valuable research molecule for exploring peptide-based hair-growth mechanisms.

3. Skin Regeneration and Collagen Homeostasis

AHK’s role in dermal regeneration is closely linked to its ability to enhance extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. In fibroblast cultures, AHK promotes the synthesis of collagen types I and III, elastin, and glycosaminoglycans, supporting the structural integrity of connective tissue. It also regulates metalloproteinase activity, preventing excessive ECM degradation. This balance between synthesis and breakdown ensures stable dermal architecture—critical for youthful skin morphology.

4. Cellular Communication and Gene Expression

Emerging transcriptomic data indicate that AHK modulates gene clusters associated with oxidative defense, inflammation control, and tissue regeneration. By influencing transcription factors like Nrf2 and NF-κB, AHK helps coordinate protective cellular responses. This regulation is crucial for maintaining redox equilibrium, enabling cells to resist external stressors such as UV exposure or pollution.

5. Neuro-Immuno-Cutaneous Modulation

Beyond direct antioxidant actions, AHK is implicated in neuro-immuno-cutaneous communication. The peptide may influence neurotransmitter-linked pathways and neurotrophic factor expression, supporting balanced sensory nerve signaling within the skin. This connection between neural tone and immune regulation has become a vital focus in modern cosmetic peptide research, especially in reducing stress-induced skin sensitivity and maintaining overall dermal homeostasis.

Overall, AHK represents a multifunctional molecule capable of connecting redox biology, cellular repair, and tissue regeneration. Its simplicity as a tripeptide belies its biochemical sophistication—providing a model system for studying how minimal sequences can produce complex biological effects relevant to both hair and skin research domains.

Product Specifications

Mechanism of Action

AHK functions through multiple interconnected biochemical pathways that influence oxidative balance, cellular metabolism, and extracellular matrix turnover.

1. Free-Radical Scavenging and Metal Chelation

Histidine within AHK’s structure enables chelation of transition metals such as copper and iron, limiting Fenton-type reactions responsible for ROS formation. The peptide donates electrons to neutralize superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals, preventing oxidative damage to cellular macromolecules. This activity underpins AHK’s ability to preserve mitochondrial integrity and DNA stability, fundamental for maintaining youthful skin phenotypes.

2. Upregulation of Antioxidant Enzymes

Experimental evidence suggests AHK activates the Nrf2–ARE signaling pathway, stimulating the transcription of antioxidant genes including glutathione peroxidase, heme oxygenase-1, and superoxide dismutase. By boosting intrinsic defense mechanisms, AHK ensures sustainable protection beyond direct radical scavenging, allowing long-term redox homeostasis.

3. Modulation of Inflammatory Cytokines

AHK modulates intercellular signaling by down-regulating pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6. It stabilizes the NF-κB signaling axis, reducing unnecessary inflammatory cascades that often contribute to tissue degradation and delayed wound healing. This anti-inflammatory capacity aligns with improved barrier function and decreased erythema observed in skin-cell models.

4. Activation of Growth and Differentiation Factors

Within dermal fibroblasts and dermal papilla cells, AHK enhances expression of growth mediators including TGF-β, IGF-1, and VEGF. These growth factors drive matrix protein synthesis, angiogenesis, and nutrient delivery to regenerating tissues. This mechanism explains AHK’s observed stimulation of both collagen formation and follicular activity in vitro.

5. Regulation of Extracellular Matrix Dynamics

AHK maintains the balance between synthesis and degradation of ECM components by suppressing matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1 and MMP-3) while up-regulating their inhibitors (TIMP-1 and TIMP-2). This dual action supports resilient dermal architecture, mitigating wrinkle formation and enhancing firmness in experimental skin models.

6. Neuro-Cutaneous Interface Modulation

Recent research has highlighted that AHK can influence neuropeptide release—particularly substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)—which are central mediators of skin sensitivity and neurogenic inflammation. By normalizing these mediators, AHK helps maintain the delicate equilibrium between sensory neurons and immune cells, contributing to reduced irritation and improved comfort perception.

7. Hair-Follicle Stimulation and Regeneration

In dermal papilla cell studies, AHK enhances proliferation and prolongs the growth phase of hair follicles by increasing β-catenin and Wnt signaling activity. It concurrently suppresses DHT-induced inhibitory factors, thus supporting the structural and metabolic environment needed for robust follicular regeneration.

Collectively, these mechanisms demonstrate that AHK is not a simple antioxidant but a multifunctional bio-signaling peptide integrating redox regulation, growth control, and neuro-immune balance.

Side Effects

In controlled laboratory settings, AHK has demonstrated a high degree of biocompatibility and stability. Cytotoxicity assays in fibroblast and keratinocyte cultures reveal no adverse morphological changes at concentrations typically used for cosmetic research.

Potential side effects under experimental conditions may include:

• Mild transient oxidative shifts if concentrations greatly exceed physiological levels.

• Possible interference with metal-dependent enzyme systems due to strong chelating capacity.

• Minor pH-dependent solubility variations leading to formulation instability in in-vitro tests.

Proper formulation design and concentration optimization mitigate these risks. AHK remains a safe and reliable candidate for in-vitro investigations exploring antioxidant, regenerative, and follicular mechanisms in skin biology.

Keywords

AHK peptide, antioxidant tripeptide, hair-growth peptide, skin-regeneration research, cosmetic peptide supplier, peptide wholesale China, high-purity peptide manufacturer, cosmetic raw material factory, OEM & bulk peptide production, high purity cosmetic peptides.

Shipping Guarantee

All shipments are handled using validated cold-chain logistics to preserve peptide integrity. Each package is sealed in moisture-proof containers with secondary protective wrapping and continuous temperature monitoring. Products are shipped via express international couriers with full tracking and insurance coverage.

Trade Assurance

We ensure product authenticity, verified ≥ 99 % purity, and compliance with analytical standards (HPLC, MS, and NMR). Each batch is supplied with a Certificate of Analysis (CoA). Our trade-assurance policy guarantees replacement or refund for any deviation from listed specifications.

Payment Support

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Disclaimer

All products listed are intended for laboratory research use only and not for human or veterinary use. They are not drugs, medical devices, or diagnostics and should not be administered to humans or animals. Researchers must handle all materials in accordance with institutional biosafety and chemical-safety guidelines. The information provided is for scientific reference only and does not imply therapeutic efficacy, safety, or regulatory approval.