Description

Product Description

Paclitaxel (CAS 33069-62-4) is a naturally derived diterpenoid that binds to β-tubulin, promoting microtubule polymerization and stabilization. Unlike other agents that destabilize microtubules, Paclitaxel prevents depolymerization, disrupting the normal dynamic turnover required for mitosis. This leads to G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, spindle defects, and subsequent apoptosis in sensitive cells.

Physical and Chemical Properties:

• Molecular formula: C47H51NO14

• Molecular weight: 853.9 g/mol

• Appearance: Clear to slightly yellow sterile solution

• Solubility: Soluble in DMSO, ethanol, Cremophor EL-containing solutions

• Stability: Stable at 2–8 °C; protect from light; avoid freezing

Research Applications:

1. Microtubule Dynamics Studies: Paclitaxel binds β-tubulin, enhancing microtubule polymerization and stability for cytoskeletal research.

2. Cell Cycle Analysis: Induces mitotic arrest at the G2/M checkpoint, enabling mechanistic studies of mitotic regulation.

3. Apoptosis and Cytotoxicity: Triggers caspase-dependent apoptosis, mitochondrial pathway activation, and spindle assembly checkpoint engagement.

4. Drug Resistance Research: Used to study P-glycoprotein mediated efflux, tubulin mutations, and resistance mechanisms.

5. Combination Therapy Studies: Evaluates synergy with other chemotherapeutics, kinase inhibitors, or immunomodulators in preclinical models.

6. In vivo Models: Employed in xenograft tumor studies, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics analyses.

7. Mechanistic Research: Explores microtubule stabilization, spindle checkpoint activation, apoptosis pathways, and cytoskeletal remodeling.

Experimental Considerations:

• Handling: Use gloves, lab coat, and eye protection; work in biosafety cabinets when necessary.

• Dosing: Concentration depends on cell type and assay design.

• Solvent Compatibility: Use DMSO or ethanol; dilute appropriately in culture medium.

• Storage: 2–8 °C; protect from light; do not freeze; short-term use recommended for liquid solution.

Paclitaxel’s robust microtubule-stabilizing activity, high purity (≥99%), and reproducible mechanism make it a gold-standard reagent for preclinical studies of mitotic arrest, cytoskeletal regulation, apoptosis, and drug resistance.

Product Specifications

Mechanism of Action

Paclitaxel stabilizes microtubules by binding to β-tubulin subunits, enhancing microtubule polymerization and preventing depolymerization. This disruption of normal microtubule dynamics interferes with mitotic spindle function, leading to G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in proliferating cells.

Key Molecular Mechanisms:

1. Microtubule Stabilization: Paclitaxel binds within the inner lumen of microtubules, preventing depolymerization and promoting rigid, stabilized microtubule bundles.

2. Mitotic Arrest: Stabilization disrupts spindle assembly and chromosome segregation, activating the spindle assembly checkpoint.

3. Apoptosis Induction: Prolonged mitotic arrest triggers caspase-mediated apoptosis via the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway and Bcl-2 family modulation.

4. Cytoskeletal Effects: Alters cytoskeletal organization, affecting intracellular trafficking, cell morphology, and motility.

5. Drug Resistance Research: Serves as a model to study P-glycoprotein efflux, tubulin mutations, and mechanisms of chemoresistance in vitro and in vivo.

Experimental Applications:

• In vitro: Analysis of microtubule dynamics, cell cycle progression, apoptosis induction, and cytoskeletal remodeling in cancer and normal cell lines.

• In vivo: Xenograft tumor models for evaluating tumor growth inhibition, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics.

• Combination Therapy: Used to study synergistic or additive effects with other chemotherapeutics, targeted agents, or immunomodulators.

• Mechanistic Research: Investigation of spindle checkpoint signaling, caspase activation, mitochondrial depolarization, and downstream apoptotic markers.

Paclitaxel’s ability to reproducibly induce mitotic arrest and apoptosis makes it a vital tool for anticancer and mechanistic research in preclinical studies.

Side Effects

Paclitaxel is a research-grade compound; laboratory handling requires caution:

• Cytotoxic Effects: Induces apoptosis and growth inhibition in proliferating cell populations; effects are concentration-dependent.

• Handling Safety:

  • Wear gloves, lab coat, and eye protection.

  • Use in a biosafety cabinet if aerosolization is possible.

• Storage: Keep at 2–8 °C; protect from light; do not freeze.

• Environmental Precautions: Dispose of residual solutions and contaminated materials according to institutional biosafety regulations.

Experimental Observations:

• In vitro: Microtubule stabilization, G2/M arrest, apoptosis, altered cell morphology.

• In vivo: Tumor growth inhibition, mitotic checkpoint activation, microtubule dynamics studies.

Keywords

Paclitaxel, CAS 33069-62-4, microtubule stabilizer, anticancer research, mitotic arrest, apoptosis induction, spindle checkpoint, cytoskeletal modulation, β-tubulin, high purity, ≥99% purity, factory peptide/small-molecule supplier, peptide wholesale China, China peptide manufacturer, OEM & bulk peptide production.

Shipping Guarantee

All Paclitaxel shipments of Paclitaxel solution are handled via validated cold-chain logistics to maintain chemical stability and bioactivity. The solution is sealed in sterile, light-protected containers with secondary packaging. Full tracking, insurance coverage, and international courier support ensure secure delivery.

Trade Assurance

Paclitaxel authenticity is guaranteed, with ≥99% purity verified by HPLC, MS, and NMR. Each batch includes a Certificate of Analysis (CoA). Trade assurance covers replacement or refund for deviations from listed specifications, ensuring consistent high-purity product for preclinical research.

Payment Support

Secure global payment options include PayPal, major credit cards (Visa, MasterCard, American Express), telegraphic transfer (T/T), and cryptocurrencies (USDT, Bitcoin, Ethereum). All transactions are encrypted and verified for confidentiality and fund protection.

Disclaimer

This Paclitaxel product is intended for laboratory research use only. It is not for human or veterinary administration. Researchers must follow institutional safety protocols. Data generated with Paclitaxel should not be interpreted as clinical or therapeutic guidance.

References

1. PubChem: Paclitaxel (CID 36314) ↗

2. ChEMBL: Paclitaxel Bioactivity (ChEMBL ID CHEMBL1201193) ↗

3. DrugBank: Paclitaxel – DB01229 ↗

4. PubMed ID 12452917 – Paclitaxel mechanism and preclinical evaluation ↗

5. IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology: Microtubule-targeting agents ↗