SHLP-3 | Mitochondrial-Derived Peptide for Diabetes and Cancer Research

Description

Product Description

SHLP-3 (Small Humanin-Like Peptide 3) is a mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP) encoded by the 16S ribosomal RNA (MT-RNR2) gene. Part of the Humanin-like peptide family, SHLP-3 functions as a critical mitochondrial signaling molecule, modulating bioenergetics, oxidative stress, and cell survival pathways.

Biological Background

Mitochondria not only supply energy but also serve as hubs for cellular signaling. SHLP-3 is produced within the mitochondria and acts in both autocrine and paracrine manners to regulate intracellular metabolism and stress responses. Its expression is observed in pancreatic β-cells, prostate cells, and multiple tissue types, linking mitochondrial health with systemic metabolic homeostasis.

SHLP-3 demonstrates cytoprotective effects, improving cell viability and mitochondrial function. In insulinoma NIT-1β cells and human prostate cancer 22Rv1 cells, SHLP-3 reduces apoptosis, increases ATP production, enhances mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR), and decreases reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. These features make it a powerful tool for studying diabetes, cancer, and mitochondrial physiology.

Research Applications

• Diabetes Research: Enhances β-cell survival and insulin secretion in pancreatic models.

• Cancer Biology: Modulates cell viability in prostate cancer models, offering insights into mitochondrial-targeted therapy.

• Mitochondrial Function Studies: Facilitates investigation of OCR, ATP production, and ROS regulation.

• Cytoprotection and Anti-apoptosis Studies: Serves as a model peptide for understanding survival signaling under stress.

Functional Insights

• Increases cellular ATP levels, promoting energy availability.

• Enhances mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR), improving bioenergetic efficiency.

• Reduces ROS accumulation, lowering oxidative stress-induced damage.

• Prevents apoptosis via modulation of pro-survival pathways such as PI3K/AKT and AMPK.

• May interact with other mitochondrial peptides to regulate metabolic homeostasis.

SHLP-3 is thus a multi-functional mitochondrial messenger peptide, critical for research in metabolic diseases and oncology, bridging bioenergetics with cell survival and cytoprotection.

Product Specifications

Mechanism of Action

SHLP-3 exerts its bioactivity through multiple mitochondrial and cellular pathways, enhancing cell survival and energy metabolism.

1. Enhancement of Mitochondrial Bioenergetics

SHLP-3 increases the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and ATP production, providing cells with greater energy availability to maintain normal functions. It promotes mitochondrial respiratory efficiency by modulating the electron transport chain and mitochondrial enzyme activities.

2. Reduction of Oxidative Stress

By lowering intracellular ROS levels, SHLP-3 protects cells from oxidative damage. This antioxidative effect is mediated through activation of Nrf2 and antioxidant enzyme pathways, including SOD and catalase, preventing lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial DNA damage.

3. Cytoprotection and Anti-apoptotic Effects

SHLP-3 reduces apoptosis in both pancreatic β-cells and prostate cancer cells. Mechanistically, it enhances AKT phosphorylation, inhibits pro-apoptotic factors such as Bax, and stabilizes mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), thereby preventing cytochrome c release and downstream caspase activation.

4. Metabolic Regulation

SHLP-3 modulates glucose metabolism and insulin signaling, improving cellular energy homeostasis. In insulinoma cells, it enhances insulin secretion and glucose uptake. In cancer models, it balances energy production and ROS to maintain cell viability under stress.

5. Intercellular Signaling

SHLP-3 may act in a paracrine manner, influencing neighboring cells’ mitochondrial function and survival. By modulating calcium homeostasis and activating AMPK, it integrates metabolic cues with cytoprotective responses.

Overall, SHLP-3 is a mitochondrial-derived cytoprotective peptide that enhances energy metabolism, reduces oxidative stress, and prevents apoptosis, making it an ideal research tool for metabolic and oncological studies.

Side Effects

Although SHLP-3 is for research use only, experimental models have revealed potential effects that should be monitored:

• Overactivation of Mitochondrial Respiration: May lead to excessive ATP production in non-target cells.

• ROS Under-suppression: Could disrupt necessary redox signaling in normal physiology.

• Altered Apoptosis in Non-Target Cells: Cytoprotective effects may affect cell turnover in healthy tissues.

• Metabolic Modulation: High concentrations could influence insulin signaling and glucose metabolism in systemic models.

• Potential Immune Crosstalk: May affect cytokine secretion in in vivo experiments.

Researchers should use appropriate controls and dosing strategies to avoid confounding results.

Disclaimer

For research use only. Not intended for human or veterinary use, diagnosis, or treatment.

Keywords

SHLP-3, mitochondrial-derived peptide, MT-RNR2, Small Humanin-Like Peptide 3, mitochondrial bioenergetics, cytoprotection, apoptosis inhibition, ROS reduction, ATP production, diabetes research, cancer research.

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