Description

Product Description

Antiarrhythmic Peptide (Cattle Atrium) is a bioactive hexapeptide originally isolated from bovine atrial tissue. This small peptide represents an important innovation in the study of peptide-based regulation of cardiac rhythm, acting through unique mechanisms that differ from conventional antiarrhythmic drugs. The peptide exerts a protective effect against experimentally induced arrhythmias, including those triggered by ischemia, oxidative stress, or chemical agents such as aconitine and ouabain.

Unlike many synthetic drugs that directly block ion channels, Antiarrhythmic Peptide (AAP) acts by stabilizing intercellular electrical communication among cardiac myocytes. It does this by preserving the integrity of gap junctions—specialized intercellular connections composed primarily of connexin proteins (especially Cx43). These junctions are essential for synchronized electrical activity within the heart, and their disruption can lead to arrhythmia.

Experimental studies have shown that AAP enhances gap junction conductivity, maintains connexin phosphorylation, and prevents electrical uncoupling during ischemia or reperfusion injury. Through these actions, AAP promotes uniform propagation of electrical impulses and prevents dangerous reentrant circuits that can cause ventricular fibrillation.

In addition to its antiarrhythmic effects, AAP has shown cytoprotective properties by reducing intracellular calcium overload, decreasing oxidative stress, and improving mitochondrial stability. It enhances myocardial recovery following ischemic insult and reduces the incidence of premature contractions.

Because of its natural origin, low molecular weight, and non-toxic profile, AAP serves as an ideal model compound for exploring new-generation peptide therapeutics that maintain cardiac rhythm without the adverse side effects typical of class I–IV antiarrhythmic drugs.

Research Applications

• Study of cardiac electrical conduction and rhythm stabilization

• Investigation of connexin-43 phosphorylation and gap junction regulation

• Evaluation of myocardial protection during ischemia-reperfusion injury

• Electrophysiological modulation of ion channel dynamics

• Development of peptide-based cardiac therapeutics

Pharmacological Profile

AAP’s effects have been confirmed in a range of in vivo and in vitro studies using mammalian cardiac tissue. It reduces arrhythmia incidence without negatively impacting myocardial contractility, heart rate, or systemic hemodynamics.

The peptide also shows synergy with other cardioprotective molecules, such as β-blockers and calcium channel modulators, by complementing their effects rather than competing with them. Its natural mode of action ensures physiological rhythm preservation rather than abrupt electrical suppression.

Product Specifications

Mechanism of Action

Antiarrhythmic Peptide (Cattle Atrium) functions primarily by modulating intercellular communication through cardiac gap junctions. These junctions facilitate the propagation of electrical impulses across cardiac tissue, ensuring synchronized depolarization of myocytes during each heartbeat.

During ischemia or oxidative stress, connexin-43 (Cx43) phosphorylation decreases, leading to electrical uncoupling and arrhythmogenic potential. AAP counteracts this by preserving phosphorylated Cx43 and maintaining normal gap junction conductivity.

Molecular Mechanisms:

1. Connexin Preservation:
   AAP stabilizes the expression and post-translational modification of connexin-43, preventing its degradation or dephosphorylation during stress conditions.

2. Signal Transduction:
   It modulates protein kinase C (PKC) pathways and G-protein signaling, supporting connexin phosphorylation and cytoskeletal stability.

3. Ion Channel Regulation:
   The peptide indirectly regulates sodium (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺), and calcium (Ca²⁺) currents, optimizing the action potential profile while reducing spontaneous depolarizations.

4. Cytoprotection and Antioxidation:
   AAP reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitigates calcium overload, and improves mitochondrial function, all contributing to enhanced cardiomyocyte survival.

5. Electrophysiological Homeostasis:
   By maintaining conduction velocity and preventing regional conduction block, AAP normalizes refractory periods and suppresses reentrant arrhythmia circuits.

Through these combined actions, AAP acts as a cardiac homeostasis modulator, ensuring stable electrical coordination without inducing bradycardia or negative inotropy.

Side Effects and Safety Profile

In preclinical models, Antiarrhythmic Peptide (Cattle Atrium) has demonstrated an excellent safety profile. It does not alter systemic blood pressure, cardiac output, or ventricular contractility in normal hearts. No significant adverse effects have been reported even with repeated administration under laboratory conditions.

Observed Safety Findings:

• Hemodynamic Stability: Maintains normal blood flow and oxygen delivery.

• No Proarrhythmic Potential: Unlike some conventional agents, AAP does not induce arrhythmias at therapeutic concentrations.

• Non-toxic and Non-immunogenic: Due to its natural peptide structure.

• Compatible with Other Agents: Can be used alongside beta-blockers or calcium channel blockers in combination studies.

Cautions for Researchers:

• Use controlled dosing to prevent overexposure.

• Avoid contamination or degradation by storing the peptide at −20°C under desiccated conditions.

• For laboratory research only – not intended for human or veterinary use.

Disclaimer

This product is for laboratory research use only. It is not intended for diagnostic, therapeutic, or human administration purposes. All information provided is for research and educational reference, based on current literature and internal data verification.

Keywords

antiarrhythmic peptide supplier, bovine atrial peptide manufacturer, cardiac electrophysiology peptide, peptide for arrhythmia research, connexin-43 peptide, myocardial protection peptide, peptide-based cardiac therapeutic research, peptide distributor USA

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