Description

Product Description

Xenopsin-Related Peptide 2 (XP-2) is a bioactive avian neuropeptide sharing structural and functional homology with amphibian xenopsin. This peptide represents an evolutionary counterpart that maintains conserved sequence motifs responsible for receptor binding and biological activity across vertebrate species.

Originally isolated from avian tissues, XP-2 plays a regulatory role in neuropeptide signaling, mast cell activation, and histamine release mechanisms. Its biological potency is comparable to that of Bradykinin, a well-characterized inflammatory mediator, making it an effective experimental agent for studying neuroimmune communication and vascular permeability.

Structural and Functional Characteristics

Xenopsin-Related Peptide 2 consists of a short amino acid chain similar to the xenopsin family, exhibiting high affinity toward G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Upon receptor interaction, XP-2 induces intracellular calcium mobilization, leading to histamine secretion from mast cells and promoting vasodilation.

Studies indicate that XP-2 acts through both direct mast cell stimulation and indirect modulation of neuropeptide release, creating a bridge between the endocrine and immune systems.

Research Significance

Due to its unique receptor activity, Xenopsin-Related Peptide 2 serves as an important tool for:

• Investigating mast cell activation mechanisms

• Exploring neuropeptide-induced histamine release pathways

• Understanding avian peptide evolution and its mammalian analogs

• Screening histamine antagonists and receptor modulators

The peptide also provides a comparative model to amphibian xenopsin for cross-species peptide biology research, helping researchers understand how structural motifs determine receptor selectivity and physiological function.

Product Specifications

Mechanism of Action

Xenopsin-Related Peptide 2 functions by binding to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) located on the surface of mast cells and neurons. Upon binding, XP-2 activates intracellular phospholipase C (PLC), leading to the production of inositol triphosphate (IP₃) and the subsequent release of calcium ions from intracellular stores.

The rise in intracellular calcium triggers histamine granule exocytosis, resulting in mast cell degranulation and the release of inflammatory mediators. This histamine release is associated with vascular permeability, smooth muscle contraction, and sensory neuron activation.

Unlike many synthetic peptides, XP-2 exhibits natural receptor selectivity, which allows it to serve as a precise model for studying neuropeptide-driven histamine release. Its activity parallels that of Bradykinin, but XP-2’s structure enables different receptor-binding dynamics, offering unique insights into receptor-ligand specificity in vertebrate species.

In addition to immune-related functions, XP-2 may also play a role in neuroendocrine regulation, influencing hormone secretion and neurotransmission under stress or inflammation.

Side Effects

In controlled experimental models, Xenopsin-Related Peptide 2 does not exhibit intrinsic toxicity. However, due to its histamine-releasing properties, excessive concentrations may lead to biological reactions resembling allergic responses, including:

• Increased vascular permeability

• Smooth muscle contraction

• Local inflammatory response

All in vivo applications should adhere to standard safety and ethical guidelines.

Keywords

Xenopsin-Related Peptide 2, XP-2, avian neuropeptide, xenopsin analog, histamine release peptide, mast cell activator, GPCR ligand, inflammatory mediator peptide, neuroendocrine signaling compound, peptide biology research reagent

Shipping Guarantee

All shipments are handled using validated cold-chain logistics to preserve peptide integrity. Each package is sealed in moisture-proof containers with secondary protective wrapping and continuous temperature monitoring. Products are shipped via express international couriers with full tracking and insurance coverage.

Trade Assurance

We ensure product authenticity, verified ≥99% purity, and compliance with analytical standards (HPLC, MS, and NMR). Each batch is supplied with a Certificate of Analysis (CoA). Our trade assurance policy guarantees replacement or refund for any deviation from listed specifications.

Payment Support

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